RocketMQ概述
RocketMQ 是一款分布式、队列模型的消息中间件,具有以下特点: 能够保证严格的消息顺序 提供丰富的消息拉取模式 高效的订阅者水平扩展能力 实时的消息订阅机制 亿级消息堆积能力
RocketMQ包含的组件
NameServer:单点,供Producer和Consumer获取Broker地址
Producer:产生并发送消息
Consumer:接受并消费消息
Broker:消息暂存,消息转发
Name Server
Name Server是RocketMQ的寻址服务。用于把Broker的路由信息做聚合。客户端依靠Name Server决定去获取对应topic的路由信息,从而决定对哪些Broker做连接。
Name Server是一个几乎无状态的结点,Name Server之间采取share-nothing的设计,互不通信。
对于一个Name Server集群列表,客户端连接Name Server的时候,只会选择随机连接一个结点,以做到负载均衡。
Name Server所有状态都从Broker上报而来,本身不存储任何状态,所有数据均在内存。
如果中途所有Name Server全都挂了,影响到路由信息的更新,不会影响和Broker的通信。
Broker
Broker是处理消息存储,转发等处理的服务器。
Broker以group分开,每个group只允许一个master,若干个slave。
只有master才能进行写入操作,slave不允许。
slave从master中同步数据。同步策略取决于master的配置,可以采用同步双写,异步复制两种。
客户端消费可以从master和slave消费。在默认情况下,消费者都从master消费,在master挂后,客户端由于从Name Server中感知到Broker挂机,就会从slave消费。
Broker向所有的NameServer结点建立长连接,注册Topic信息。
RocketMQ优点
1.强调集群无单点,可扩展
2.任意一点高可用,水平可扩展
3.海量消息堆积能力,消息堆积后,写入低延迟。
4.支持上万个队列
5.消息失败重试机制
6.消息可查询
7.开源社区活跃
8.成熟度(经过双十一考验)
RocketMQ环境安装
服务器配置
192.168.110.187 nameServer1,brokerServer1192.168.110.188 nameServer2,brokerServer2
添加Host文件
vi /etc/hosts192.168.110.187 rocketmq-nameserver1192.168.110.187 rocketmq-master1192.168.110.188 rocketmq-nameserver2192.168.110.188 rocketmq-master2service network restart
注意: Error:No suitable device found: no device found for connection "System eth0"
解决办法:
(1)ifconfig -a 查看物理 MAC HWADDR 的值
(2)vim 编辑文件 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0中修改ifconfig中查出的MAC HWADDR值;
上传安装包
# 上传alibaba-rocketmq-3.2.6.tar.gz文件至/usr/localtar -zxvf alibaba-rocketmq-3.2.6.tar.gz -C /usr/localmv alibaba-rocketmq alibaba-rocketmq-3.2.6ln -s alibaba-rocketmq-3.2.6 rocketmq
创建存储路径【两台机器】
mkdir /usr/local/rocketmq/storemkdir /usr/local/rocketmq/store/commitlogmkdir /usr/local/rocketmq/store/consumequeuemkdir /usr/local/rocketmq/store/index
RocketMQ配置文件【两台机器】
vim /usr/local/rocketmq/conf/2m-noslave/broker-a.propertiesvim /usr/local/rocketmq/conf/2m-noslave/broker-b.properties
修改日志配置文件【两台机器】
mkdir -p /usr/local/rocketmq/logscd /usr/local/rocketmq/conf && sed -i 's#${user.home}#/usr/local/rocketmq#g' *.xml
修改启动NameServer【两台机器】
vim /usr/local/rocketmq/bin/runbroker.sh
JAVA_OPT="${JAVA_OPT} -server -Xms1g -Xmx1g -Xmn512m -XX:PermSize=128m -XX:MaxPermSize=320m"
vim /usr/local/rocketmq/bin/runserver.sh
JAVA_OPT="${JAVA_OPT} -server -Xms1g -Xmx1g -Xmn512m -
XX:PermSize=128m -XX:MaxPermSize=320m"
启动NameServer【两台机器】
cd /usr/local/rocketmq/binnohup sh mqnamesrv &
启动BrokerServer A
cd /usr/local/rocketmq/binnohup sh mqbroker -c /usr/local/rocketmq/conf/2m-noslave/broker-a.properties >/dev/null 2>&1 &netstat -ntlpjpstail -f -n 500 /usr/local/rocketmq/logs/rocketmqlogs/broker.logtail -f -n 500 /usr/local/rocketmq/logs/rocketmqlogs/namesrv.log
启动BrokerServer B
cd /usr/local/rocketmq/binnohup sh mqbroker -c /usr/local/rocketmq/conf/2m-noslave/broker-b.properties >/dev/null 2>&1 &netstat -ntlpjpstail -f -n 500 /usr/local/rocketmq/logs/rocketmqlogs/broker.logtail -f -n 500 /usr/local/rocketmq/logs/rocketmqlogs/namesrv.log
RocketMQ Console
将rocketmq-web-console 部署到webapps目录中。
/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.65/webapps/rocketmq-web-console/WEB-INF/classes/
修改config.properties
rocketmq.namesrv.addr=192.168.110.195:9876;192.168.110.199:9876
运行效果
安装jdk环境
vi /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0_80
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile
Java操作RocketMQ
pom文件依赖
com.alibaba.rocketmq rocketmq-client 3.0.10 com.alibaba.rocketmq rocketmq-all 3.0.10 pom ch.qos.logback logback-classic 1.1.1 ch.qos.logback logback-core 1.1.1 junit junit 4.10 test
生产者
package com.hongmoshui;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.DefaultMQProducer;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.SendResult;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.message.Message;public class Producer{ public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException { DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("rmq-group"); producer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.110.195:9876;192.168.110.199:9876"); producer.setInstanceName("producer"); producer.start(); try { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { // 每秒发送一次MQ Thread.sleep(1000); // topic:主题名称,tag:临时值,body:内容 Message msg = new Message("hongmoshui-topic", "TagA", ("hongmoshui-" + i).getBytes()); SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg); System.out.println(sendResult.toString()); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } producer.shutdown(); }}
消费者
package com.hongmoshui;import java.util.List;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumer;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyContext;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.MessageListenerConcurrently;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt;public class Consumer{ public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException { DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("rmq-group"); consumer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.110.195:9876;192.168.110.199:9876"); consumer.setInstanceName("consumer"); consumer.subscribe("hongmoshui-topic", "TagA"); consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerConcurrently() { public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(Listmsgs, ConsumeConcurrentlyContext context) { for (MessageExt msg : msgs) { System.out.println(msg.getMsgId() + "---" + new String(msg.getBody())); } return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS; } }); consumer.start(); System.out.println("Consumer Started."); }}
RocketMQ重试机制
MQ 消费者的消费逻辑失败时,可以通过设置返回状态达到消息重试的结果。
MQ 消息重试只针对集群消费方式生效;广播方式不提供失败重试特性,即消费失败后,失败消息不再重试,继续消费新的消息。
package com.hongmoshui.test2;import java.util.List;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumer;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyContext;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.MessageListenerConcurrently;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt;public class Consumer{ public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException { DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("rmq-group"); consumer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.110.195:9876;192.168.110.199:9876"); consumer.setInstanceName("consumer"); consumer.subscribe("hongmoshui-topic", "TagA"); consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerConcurrently() { public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(Listmsgs, ConsumeConcurrentlyContext context) { for (MessageExt msg : msgs) { System.out.println(msg.getMsgId() + "---" + new String(msg.getBody())); } try { int i = 1 / 0; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); // 需要重试 return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.RECONSUME_LATER; } // 不需要重试 return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS; } }); consumer.start(); System.out.println("Consumer Started."); }}
注意:每次重试后,消息ID都不一致,所以不能使用消息ID判断幂等。
RocketMQ如何解决消息幂等
注意:每次重试后,消息ID都不一致,所以不能使用消息ID判断幂等。
解决办法:使用自定义全局ID判断幂等,例如流水ID、订单号
使用msg.setKeys 进行区分
生产者:
package com.hongmoshui.test3;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.DefaultMQProducer;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.SendResult;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.message.Message;public class Producer{ public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException { DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("rmq-group"); producer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.110.195:9876;192.168.110.199:9876"); producer.setInstanceName("producer"); producer.start(); try { for (int i = 0; i < 1; i++) { // 每秒发送一次MQ Thread.sleep(1000); // topic:主题名称,tag:临时值,body内容 Message msg = new Message("hongmoshui-topic", "TagA", ("hongmoshui-" + i).getBytes()); msg.setKeys(System.currentTimeMillis() + ""); SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg); System.out.println(sendResult.toString()); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } producer.shutdown(); }}
消费者:
package com.hongmoshui.test3;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumer;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyContext;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.MessageListenerConcurrently;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt;public class Consumer{ static private MaplogMap = new HashMap (); public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException { DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("rmq-group"); consumer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.110.195:9876;192.168.110.199:9876"); consumer.setInstanceName("consumer"); consumer.subscribe("hongmoshui-topic", "TagA"); consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerConcurrently() { public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(List msgs, ConsumeConcurrentlyContext context) { String key = null; String msgId = null; try { for (MessageExt msg : msgs) { key = msg.getKeys(); if (logMap.containsKey(key)) { // 无需继续重试。 System.out.println("key:" + key + ",无需重试..."); return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS; } msgId = msg.getMsgId(); System.out.println("key:" + key + ",msgid:" + msgId + "---" + new String(msg.getBody())); int i = 1 / 0; } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.RECONSUME_LATER; } finally { logMap.put(key, msgId); } return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS; } }); consumer.start(); System.out.println("Consumer Started."); }}